Development of 3D Exercise Treatment Machine for Articular Cartilage Repair

 

Yong Ho Kim¹, Gul-Won Bang*²

¹Dept. of Self-designed and Open Majors, 277 Hyodeok-ro, Gwangju University, Nam-gu Gwangju City, 61743, Korea

 

ABSTRACT:

Background/Objectives: The treatment equipment of frozen shoulder which is being used in physical therapy clinic of domestic hospitals is generally the over head pully and the shoulder ladder which is attached the clinic wall as it is considered as a very poor conditions. The function of an existing equipment can’t provide an effective exercise due to a straight simple movement of workout toward setting one direction without applying the characteristics of articulation exercise of big movement. The product which has a feedback function of the result to control 3D complex exercise for the treatment of an omarthritis needs to be developed. Methods/Statistical analysis: The function of multi 3D shoulder CPM/CAM which can compel a person to exercise for all 3D movements is applied to be able to move the shoulder joint that is required the biggest range of motion in the body. Findings: Utilizing 3D program which is able to make lumbar and cervical joint movable makes it possible to develop the new concept of machine in this study that can provide shoulder braces and decompression treatment to able to cure up to the part of spine thanks to an adoption for various poses of an orthodontic treatment automatically during treatment while an existing decompression treatment machine for disc cannot be treated due to a straight line type. Improvements/Applications: It will be considered to secure the reliability of disc treatment that is required a registration of medical device according to come into wide use of medical institutes in Korea which is running a physical therapy department.

 

 

 

1. INTRODUCTION:

The number of patients who not only can’t wash their face as well as their hair with arms action but also can’t sleep due to an unbearable pain caused by frozen shoulder is increasing rapidly as people today who are suffer from it at around the age of 40∼50 are a growing influence¹.

 

The treatment equipment of shoulder joint which is being used in physical therapy clinic in domestic hospitals is generally used the over head pulley and the shoulder ladder which is attached the clinic wall as it is considered as a very poor conditions².

 

 

The function of an existing equipment can’t provide an effective exercise due to a straight simple movement of workout toward setting one direction without applying the characteristics of articulation exercise of big movement. The product which has a feedback function of the result to control 3D complex exercise for the treatment of an omarthritis needs to be developed. The development of treatment machine that can be movable at certain angle that is able to exercise those who suffered from frozen shoulder is in poor condition³. The equipment which can treat shoulder joint is to developed in this study. One of major function is that the control of X, Y, Z axil for 3D movements in the equipment is able to move the shoulder joint that is required the biggest range of motion in the body for the purpose of increasing joint working range and enhancing blood circulation for inflammation removal and strengthening of muscle surgery are in poor condition^4,5.

 

2. Domestic and international status of related technology:

2.1. International status of related technology:

The treatment equipment of shoulder joint which is being used in physical therapy clinic in domestic hospitals is generally used the over head pulley and the shoulder ladder which is attached the clinic wall as it is considered as a very poor conditions. Shoulder CPM is mainly used for an exercise therapy machine of shoulder joint and its feature used a single axle provides an unidirectional motion optionally such as the exercise in Extension, Aduton and Horizontal Abduction⁶. The fault of an existing product is impossible to perform an effective articulation exercise due to the oriented linear direction without the function of rotational movement that is an important factor for a shoulder joint. This causes an inconveniences to set a direction manually loosen or tighten screws towards the direction of desired exercise. Also there is no function of an active exercise mode to help patients’ muscle strength improvement recover. It is impossible for an existing product not only to perform the movement of holding their hand up high to catch the other side of ear for using Y-axis movement in order for deltoids excercise but also to perform a combination of three axis movement for X-axis and Z-axis because an angle setting for patient which is not exist feedback function that can be control 3D complex exercise by an existing product is designed to be able to move within a certain angle^7,8.

 

2.2. Domestic status of related technology:

The product of shoulder CPM that is not only produced but also distributed overseas is on par with domestic product that is possible to exercise selected linear direction without 3D complex exercise. Overseas product are designed just like domestic product to be able to move within a certain set-up angle for keeping the patient exercise without a feedback function that can be control 3D complex exercise. The type of disc treatment equipment is nearly the same as a domestic type to repeat the function of hold and rest in a form of straight line^9,10.

 

3. System development for exercise treatment of frozen shoulder:

3.1. Development of sensor input interface:

The module type of system which can be transmitted CPU through the digitized input signal of on/off sensor in the storage box of AED is manufactured.

 

3.1.1. Design of the embedded hardware:

·      CPU module development to deal with VGA (1024×768) class graphic

·      Usage of Coretex 1GHz

·      Output enable video to support 30 fps

·      Hardware configuration capable of supporting the resolution of VGA (1024×768) class

·      Usage of Coretex 1GHz

·      Output enable video to support 30 fps

·      Hardware configuration capable of supporting the resolution of VGA (1024×768) class

·      Hardware configuration specifications

 

Monitor: 14 inch with wide color LCD (1024×768)

input power: AC 220V, DC 5V

CPU:　 Over Coretex-A8　

RAM: 266MHz DDR SDRAM 128megabytes

Nand Flash: NAND Flash 128megabytes

LAN: TCP/IP 10/100T

Device: VGA, Audio, IDE, USB 2.0, CF, MMC/SD on-board, GPIO on-board

Embedded OS: Android

 

·      Input sensor: Choice from among Tac Switch, Limit Switch, and Magnetic Switch

·      Speaker output: Only voice output

 

System block diagram is shown in Fig.1.

 

Figure 1. System block diagram

 

3.2 Design of embedded hardware:

Control circuit is shown in Fig.2 and its detailed contents are as in the following.

 

Web based integrated EDI system which is utilized in harbor loading and unloading as well as transport logistics field is developed not only capable of standard electronic document of UN/EDIFACT but also capable of the application for transmitting and receiving private document to be uniquely utilize in each country.

 

·     Operation test of an external interface and sensor connection

·     JTAG Interface: Host computer connected

·     RS-232C 2port: Host computer COM port connected

·     Sensor and circuit: LM35DZ, OP AMP(LM324)

·     Connection jumper of sensor part: Connection for a point contact in recognition of door openers and closers

·     External AC/DC adaptor: Usage of connector for 5V power supply

 

Figure 2. Mainboard Diagram

3.3. Firmware development and test:

The test environment prior to prototype manufacture is as in the following.

·      Software installation of host computer to download and debug target board of X86 class

·      MDK: Development tool to create image file for the development of an operation system to be accomplished by target board as well as uploading target board.

·      Microsoft Visual Studio: Development tool of application software to be operated in platform used by Target Board

·      JTag debugger: Tools to use JTAG cable

·      Hyper Terminal: Usage of serial communication to monitor target board in host computer

 

Picture of main controller firmware development related LCD touch panel is shown in Fig.3.

 

Figure 3. Main controller Firmware source code>

 

3.4. Composition and characteristics of product:

3.4.1. Composition:

This product is composed of device body, controller (control panel), chest belt, safety switch, and AC power cord.

3.4.2. Characteristics and operational principle

·        Rated input voltage is used by AC220V/60Hz.

·        Input power source is transferred to an invertor, a power transformer, and main PCB.

·        Invertor is transferred to three phase induction motor, main PCB is transferred to monophase motor, and power transformer is transferred to six linear actuator.

·        CPU is to control an operating requirements according to input operation of each function button in the controller (control panel)

·        Operating requirement such as grade, time and speed is displayed by number in FND display and the rest of selected operating requirement is displayed by LED flickering and operation schematic diagram is shown in Fig.4.

 

Figure 4. Operation diagram

 

3.4.3. Structure and functions of embedded software:

Indicates built-in software structure and function is shown Fig. 5

 

Figure 5. Embedded software construction of main board firmware

 

3.5. Product Results Photos:

The result of the prototype production is shown in Fig. 6

 

Main body in front

 

Main body in back

 

Main body in left side

 

 

Main body in right side

Figure 6. Protype product

 

4. CONCLUSION:

Utilizing 3D program which is able to make lumbar and cervical joint movable makes it possible to develop the new concept of machine in this study that can provide shoulder braces and decompression treatment to able to cure up to the part of spine thanks to adopt various poses of an orthodontic treatment automatically during treatment while an existing decompression treatment machine for disc cannot be treated due to a straight line type. It is considered to be able to substitute the therapy of chiropractic and Chuna in oder to correct automatically a cervical disc in crooked condition and to find a normal balance of spine and surrounding muscles at the same time, including strengthening muscles for keeping the condition of correction by providing not only disc prevention but also basic solution of its treatment. Also an excellent 3D treatment effect of cervical spine is secured by developing an effective 3D treatment which is embedded in a various treatment program for disc. This product is developed to provide not only curtailing the treatment period but also an exact correction used by an orthodontic force stronger than a manual therapy through a three-dimensional exact direction and angle adjustment as well as the usage of tractive force.

 

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

This Study was conducted by research funds from Gwangju University in 2017, Korea

 

6. REFERENCES:

1.     Kim, D. H., Baechler, M. F., Berkowitz, M. J.Roo, Coxa Saltans Externa Treated with Z-Plasty of the Iliotibial Tract in a Military Population, Military medicine, 2012, 167(2),PP.172-173.

2.     Kwon, Y.W.; Forman, R.E.; Walker, P.S.; Zuckerman, Analysis of Reverse Total Shoulder Joint Forces and Glenoid Fixation, Hospital for Joint Diseases. Bulletin, 2010, 68(4), PP.273-280.

3.     Shibano, K.; Koishi, H.; Futai, K.; Yoshikawa, H., Effect of Bankart repair on the loss of range of motion and the instability of the shoulder joint for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2014, 23(6), PP.888-894.

4.     Kapukaya, A., Subasi, M., Bukte, Y., Gur, A., Tuzuner, T., Kilnc, N., Tuberculosis of the shoulder joint, Joint Bone Spine, 2006, 73(2), PP. 177-181.

5.     Kwon, Y.W., Forman, R.E., Walker, P.S., Zuckerman,J.D., Analysis of Reverse Total Shoulder Joint Forces and Glenoid Fixation, Hospital for Joint Diseases. Bulletin, 2010, 68(4), PP.273-280.

6.     Cho, C. H., Kim, D. H., Lee, Y. K., Serial Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Capsular Release for Refractory Frozen Shoulder with and Without Diabetes, Arthroscopy, 2016, 32(8), PP. 1515-1520.

7.     Schydlowsky, P., Szkudlarek, M., Madsen, O. R., Treatment of frozen shoulder with subcutaneous TNF-alpha blockade compared with local glucocorticoid injection: a randomised pilot study, Clinical Rheumatology, 2012, 31(8), PP.1247-1251.

8.     Moon, T. W., Choi, T. Y., Park, T. Y., Lee, M. S., Chuna therapy for musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of randomized, Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2013, 19(3), PP.228-232.

9.     Shabbir, Maryam, Rashid, Sajid, Umar, Bilal, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ehsan, Sarah, Frequency of neck and shoulder pain and use of adjustable computer workstation among Bankers, 2016, 32(2), PP.423-426.

10.   Ochi, K., Horiuchi, Y., Tanabe, A., Waseda, M., Kaneko, Y., Koyanagi, T., Shoulder internal rotation elbow flexion test for diagnosing cubital tunnel syndrome, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2012, 21(6), PP. 777-781.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 05.09.2018        Modified on 14.01.2019

Accepted on 20.02.2019        © RJPT All right reserved